Pressure Vessels are equipment meant to contain fluids under pressure and at temperature, and find varied application in any industry – chemical, fertilizer, refinery, petrochemical, cement and such allied industries.

Pressure vessels theoretically may be of any shape but preferably of spherical, cylindrical, and conical, out of which cylindrical ones are the most preferred due to ease of construction and economical in construction.

Crystal has designed, fabricated and commissioned pressure vessels of various size, shape, and material, including cladded pressure vessels to a number of its clients.

Pressure vessels of carbon steel, low alloy steel, austenitic stainless steel, and high alloy materials such as Inconel®, Incolloy®, Hastealloy® with vessels of up to 320 m3 volume, thicknesses of up to 50 mm, columns upto 4m diameter and 25m height, including jacketed and limpet coiled vessels have been supplied by Crystal.
Various stages of fabrication such as forming of dished heads, post weld heat treatment, non-destructive testing of welds and vessel components, PMI analysis, sensitive leak detection testing, sensitive leak detection testing, painting under TPIA are regularly carried out at Crystal.

Heat exchangers are equipments built for efficiently transferring heat from one medium to another medium with or without direct mixing of mediums.
Heat exchangers form the heart of any process system and are widely used in almost the entire industrial range – chemical, fertilizer, refinery, petrochemical, cement and such allied industries.

Depending upon the type of application various types of heat exchangers are employed – shell & tube exchanger, plate heat exchanger, regenerative exchanger, adiabatic wheel exchanger.

Heat exchangers are further categorized by the number of passes of fluids – one pass, two pass etc., on the basis of flow of one fluid w.r.t the second fluid – countercurrent, co-current , on the basis of construction of tubes – ‘U’ tube exchanger, finned tune exchanger etc.
Depending upon the type of fluids handled, the material of construction accordingly varies with the most critical being that of tubes and tubesheets.

Crystal has supplied heat exchangers having body material of construction ranging from carbon steel, low alloy steel, and austenitic stainless steel and tube material ranging from carbon steel, low alloy steel, austenitic stainless, high alloy materials such as Monel®, 90-10 / 70-30 Copper-Nickel and upto 1000 m2 heat transfer area.

Crystal has designed, fabricated and commissioned heat exchangers to a number of its clients under TPIA.

For cladded vessels special emphasis is given on welding to maintain the properties of deposited welds in line with the properties of cladding.

For components of cladded vessels restricted in size, in-house weld overlaying on inside surfaces is carried out.